A History Of The Basketball Rules

It has always been the task for the guardians of the game to ensure that the sport remains as attractive as possible for fans, while also allowing the players and coaches as much freedom as possible.

It is a task that is by no means simple. Basketball has evolved at a frenetic pace, since the first rules were introduced in 1932. Players have become larger, stronger, quicker and more athletic, so much so that if a fan went back in time to watch a game in the 1930's, he would hardly recognise it as basketball.

FIBA has had a tough time in keeping up with all the changes. Here is an overview of the evolution of the rules over the past 72 years.

1934

  • The first international basketball rules were introduced. Among the first rules was a ban of all grass courts.
1936
  • The centre line and 10-second backcourt violation were introduced.
1948
  • The 3-second and goaltending rules were introduced.
1952
  • Height categories (players below 190 cm and above 190 cm), introduced in 1936, were abolished.
  • In the last 3 minutes of the game, the clock was to be stopped after every whistle, and every foul resulted in 2 free throws.
1956
  • The free throw lane was increased to today's trapezoid.
  • The 30-second shot clock was introduced.
1960
  • The 1936 rules regarding the 10-second backcourt violation and centre line were deleted.
  • The rules in the last 3 minutes (as introduced in 1952) were extended to the last 5 minutes.
  • It was decided that the basketball rules would be valid for men and women (previously women had different rules).
1964
  • The rules were reviewed in their entireity in order to make them more easy to read and follow.
1968
  • The centre line and 10-second backcourt rule were reintroduced, but only valid for the last 3 minutes of the game.
  • The rules in the last 5 minutes (as introuduced in 1960) reverted back to 3 minutes.
  • The goaltending rule was modified, so that defending and attacking players could touch the ball after it hit the rim.
1972
  • The centre line and 10-second backcourt rule were valid for the entire game.
  • The goaltending rule was changed again, so that both attacking and defending players could touch the ball while it was in contact with the rim (before only the attacking player was allowed to do this).
  • Substitutes were reduced to 5. 7 were allowed for tournaments with over 5 games.
  • The team foul rule was introduced and set at 10.
1976
  • The "3 for 2" rule was introduced, where a player had the possibility to shoot a third free throw, if he missed one of the first two.
1980
  • Team fouls were reduced from 10 to 8.
  • Coaches had to be disqualified after receiving 3 technical fouls (before it was up to the referees to eject a coach).
1984
  • The "3 for 2" rule was replaced with the "1 and 1" rule, where a player had to make his first free throw in order to take the second. If he missed the first, possession would go to the other team.
  • The 3-point shot was introduced.
  • Team fouls were reduced from 8 to 7.
1986
  • The number of substitutes was increased to 7 for any tournament with more than 3 games.
2000
  • The shot clock was reduced to 24 seconds and the backcourt rule to 8 seconds.
  • four 10-minute quarters are introduced (as opposed to two 20-minute halves).
2004
  • A smaller sized ball was introduced for women.
  • The 3-person refereeing system was introduced as mandatory.